The Crimes of Betty Lou Beets

The Crimes of Betty Lou Beets Betty Lou Beets was sentenced for killing her better half, Jimmy Don Beets. She was associated with having executed her ex, Doyle Wayne Barker. Beets was executed by deadly infusion in Texas on February 24, 2000 at 62 years old. Betty Lou Beets Childhood Years Betty Lou Beets was conceived in Roxboro, North Carolina on March 12, 1937. As indicated by Beets, her adolescence was loaded up with horrendous mishaps. Her folks were poor tobacco ranchers and experienced liquor abuse. At age three she lost her hearing in the wake of getting the measles. The incapacity likewise influenced her discourse. She never got portable hearing assistants or uncommon preparing on the best way to manage her handicap. At age five Beets claimed that she was assaulted by her dad and was explicitly mishandled by others all through her youth years. At 12 years old she needed to leave school to deal with her more youthful sibling and sister after her mom was regulated. Spouse #1 Robert Franklin Branson In 1952, at 15 years old, she wedded her first spouse, Robert Franklin Branson, and they had a little girl the next year. The marriage was not without inconvenience and they isolated. Beets endeavored self destruction in 1953. Afterward, in the wake of confronting executionâ for the homicide of Jimmy Don Beets, she portrayed her union with Robert as oppressive. Notwithstanding, the two stayed wedded until 1969 and had five additional youngsters together. Robert at last left Betty Lou which she said crushed her both monetarily and inwardly. Spouse #2 #3 Billy York Lane As indicated by Beets, she didn't care for being single and started to drink to pursue away the depression. Her ex did little to help the kids and the cash she got from government assistance organizations was insufficient. By late July 1970, Beets was hitched again to Billy York Lane, yet he, too, demonstrated to possibly be damaging and the two separated. After the separation, she and Lane kept battling: he broke her nose and took steps to slaughter her. Beets shot Lane. She was pursued for endeavored murder, yet the charges were dropped after Lane conceded that he had undermined her life. The show of the preliminary more likely than not revived their relationship since they remarried directly after the preliminary in 1972. The marriage kept going one month. Spouse #4 Ronnie Threlkold In 1973 at age 36, Beets started dating Ronnie Threlkold and they were hitched in 1978. This marriage didn't appear to turn out to be any superior to her past marriage. Beets supposedly endeavored to run Thekold over with a vehicle. The marriage finished in 1979, that year Beets, presently 42, completed thirty days in the district prison for open licentiousness: she was captured at a topless bar where she worked. Spouse #5 Doyle Wayne Barker Toward the finish of 1979 Beets met and wedded another man, Doyle Wayne Barker. At the point when she separated from Barker is dubious, yet no one knew his slug ridden body was covered in the patio of Betty Lous home. It was later verified that Doyle was killed in October, 1981. Spouse #6 Jimmy Don Beets Not exactly a year had gone since Doyle Barker’s vanishing when Beets wedded once more, this time in August 1982 to a resigned Dallas fire fighter, Jimmy Don Beets. Jimmy Don endure the marriage for simply under a year prior to she shot and slaughtered him and covered his body in an uncommonly assembled wishing admirably in the front yard. To conceal the homicide Beets requested assistance from her child, Robert Bobbie Franklin Branson II, and her little girl, Shirley Stegner. Capture Beets was captured on June 8, 1985, just about two years after Jimmy Don Beets disappeared. A  confidential source offered data to the Henderson County Sheriffs Department that showed Jimmy Beets was perhaps killed. A court order was given for Betty Lou’s home. The assortments of Jimmy Beets and Doyle Barker were found on the property. A gun found in the Beets home coordinated the kind of gun used to fire two slugs into Jimmy Beets and three into Barker. Children Admit InvolvementWhen agents talked with Betty Lou’s youngsters, Branson and Stegner, they admitted to some inclusion in assisting with disguising the homicides that their mom had submitted. Stegner additionally affirmed in court that Beets advised her of her arrangement to shoot and murder Barker and that she discarded Barkers body. Robbie Branson affirmed that on August 6, 1983, he left his parents’ home on the night that Beets disclosed to him that she was going to execute Jimmy Don. He restored a couple of hours after the fact to assist his with mothering dispose of the body in the â€Å"wishing well†. He planted proof to make it seem as though Jimmy had muffled while angling. Stegner affirmed that her mom called her to her home on August 6 and when she showed up she was told everything had been dealt with concerning murdering and discarding the Jimmy Dons body. Beets response to her childrens declaration was to blame them as the genuine enemies of Jimmy Don Beets. For what reason Did She Do It? The declaration given in court focuses to cash as the explanation Betty Lou Beets killed the two men. As indicated by her girl, Beets disclosed to her she expected to dispose of Barker since he possessed the trailer in Gun Barrel City, Texas that they lived in and, if they somehow happened to separate, he would get it. With respect to her slaughtering Jimmy Don, she did it for protection cash and annuity benefits that he may have had. Blameworthy Beets was never gone after for the homicide of Barker, however she was seen as liable of capital homicide of Jimmy Don Beets and condemned to death. Execution After more than 10 years of claims Betty Lou Beets was executed by deadly infusion on February 24, 2000, at 6:18 p.m. in the Huntsville, Texas jail. At the hour of her passing she had five kids, nine grandkids and six extraordinary grandkids.

How did certain factors encourage or inhibit the development of Essay

How did certain variables support or restrain the improvement of specific sorts of the state frameworks in any event two topographical - Essay Example The leaders of the Persian Empire utilized totalitarianism, which was a functional device to deal with the tremendous and very social-socially various domain. This is appeared differently in relation to the Greeks whose furious feeling of freedom is implied that just through vote based frameworks could their state frameworks be kept up. Among these components is that when the Persian Empire was established by Cyrus the Great, it comprised of an enormous number of people groups from various ethnic gatherings inside it extending from the outskirts of Greece in the west to India in the east. It was consequently that this distant needed to have four principle authoritative focuses which were headquartered in the urban areas of Pasargadae, Babylon, Ektabana, and Susa. Due to the assorted variety of the of the people groups inside the domain, the leaders of Persia permitted the different locales which they managed some independence as the satrapy framework and this comprised of authoritati ve units that were composed by a geological premise. The topography of Persia appropriate was brutal, being for the most part dry or semi-parched, and this was compelling in making a solid race of individuals who needed to look outside their own country to obtain the things which were vital for their endurance (Mojtahed-Zadeh 275). Because of the topographical just as the populace decent variety of the realm, the leaders of the domain would in general select territorial governors known as satraps, whose obligations included being a vassal ruler to the Persian sovereign. This managerial framework was created so that these satraps directed the locale for his sake and supervised the enrollment of the military at whatever point the ruler had a requirement for it. For such an enormous domain to work well, it was important to keep exact records so all the authoritative exercises inside it could be painstakingly investigated and composed. So as to satisfy these reasons, under the authority of the different satraps, there were frequently authorities whose work was to guarantee that all the records of the legislature of these units were very much kept and kept up. The managerial arrangement of the Persian Empire was exceptionally despotic and this was important in light of the fact that the Persians had gained their domain through success (Mojtahed-Zadeh 273). This implied they needed to oversee their obtained domains with an iron clench hand to guarantee that any types of disobedience inside their realm were smothered. In this way, the Persian organization gave huge capacity to the sovereign who had the intensity of last chance over the entirety of his subjects implying that he was a flat out ruler whose authority couldn't be addressed. The types of majority rules system which were common in the Greek urban areas were missing in Persia, and this may have been a factor in keeping the realm bound together since all the authority inside it was vested in the sovereign, wh o could either appoint it to people or remove it however he wanted. It can in this way be said that the Persian Empire built up its imperious arrangement of government as a reaction to the decent variety in the populace inside it and it is this, more than all else which guaranteed that the realm stayed stable for a few centuries. Antiquated Greece then again comprised of a few hundred city states which were totally free of one another and the

Role as a Community Leader in Homestead 1892 Essay

Job as a Community Leader in Homestead 1892 - Essay Example Our people group additionally incorporates various such laborers who have been taking an interest in this strike to exhibit their requests. I might want to illuminate our locale laborers as their pioneer to choose a proper way in this basic situation which will be useful for them over the long haul. At the beginning, I might want to bring up the huge reasons which have compelled to unfold the present horrible situation at Homestead Steel Works. One of the prime purposes behind the complaint among our locale laborers alongside different specialists is that the untalented laborers around are procuring fifteen or sixteen pennies for each hour which is deplorable to help a family adequately. Yet at the same time so as to get this absolute minimum pay, the untalented works need to work for extended periods of time and now and again extra working hours when contrasted with talented specialists. Additionally, the day to day environments are dangerous with poor house, smoky air and fouled wa ter. The incompetent works are dealt with similarly as hunkies. This plainly delights the disastrous working and day to day environments of the untalented foreigner specialists of Europe of whom various are living in the network (Country Studies US, â€Å"The Struggles of Labor†; Sage, â€Å"The Progressive Era: The Great Age of Reform†). ...Hence, I can ask the laborers to not to proceed with their continuous strike and to continue working. As proceeding with the strike won't be helpful for both the administration just as the laborers. Proceeding with the strike won't be useful for the laborers as the administration will most likely not give in the laborers request which may prompt stagnation in the whole situation. The circumstance can be settled by experiencing a conversation with the administration. The last 50% of this nineteenth century can be considered as the phase of mechanical upset or modern unrest. This industrialization is for the most part established in substantial ventures like plants, railways, andâ coal mining with the goal of making more items in a less expensive manner. This incorporates ascent of industrialization and has brought about the scramble for movement in the United States. This period has stamped hurried monetary development and high success inside the US and has transformed the country into the world’s most driving financial, mechanical and horticultural force. Therefore, the genuine wages, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and capital arrangement has expanded and this has followed the expansion of the normal yearly pay of the laborers also. However, the wages of the settlers, various such laborers who are from our locale has remained scarcely low as they are undeveloped just as incompetent to compare with the cutting edge innovation. Simultaneously, the wages of the gifted specialists and architects have expanded at a consistent rate alongside different advantages. Therefore, it very well may be expressed tha t inspite of the quick advancement of the economy, the way of life of the incompetent works have stayed unaltered.

Literary Analysis Of Wild Thorns By Sahar Khalifeh

‘Wild Thorns’ by Sahar Khalifeh is an insightful commentary that brings to life the Palestinian struggle under the Israeli Occupation and embodies this conflict through the different perspectives brought forth by the contrasting characters. We are primarily shown this strife through the eyes of the principal character, the expatriate Usama, as well as the foil character of his cousin, Adil. Khalifeh skillfully uses literary devices such as emotive language, allusions and positive and negative connotations to highlight life under the Occupation. As the audience, these techniques help encourage us to consider the struggle more in depth, and due to the wide variety of characters, invite us to relate to them. Khalifeh first introduces†¦show more content†¦They loosed a dog on him that went for his genitals.† Khalifeh deftly includes this grotesque imagery to open our eyes to the common brutality they now endure in Palestine under the Israeli’s and make us aware of the barbarity of the situation. It evokes not only a sense of poignancy in us, but outrage as well because his human decency has been violated with such nonchalance. As the audience, we grow to sympathize with the conquered Palestinians and support Usama in his quest to reclaim freedom for Palestine. As Khalifeh predominantly manifests the Palestinian struggle through the main character of Usama, it gives the reader a very narrow–minded view of the issues faced in Palestine. Once Usama returns, he is disgusted to find streets filled with complacent Arabs who have accepted the Israeli rule and â€Å"workers who bought things greedily, ate well, dressed well.† ‘Greedy’ is an important and interesting adjective the author uses to describe the people of Palestine, as it carries a very negative connotation that describes the people with a naked and selfish ambition along with a voracious lust for riches and wealth. Through this integration of ‘greedy,’ as the audience we are averse to the Palestinian people and empathize with Usama as he paints himself as the lone hero that will save Palestine. Through this crude description of the Palestinians, we can see that in his eyes, they have traded and

Racial Inequality And Socioeconomic Inequalities Essay

In class we have been focusing on the topic of racial and socioeconomic inequalities, and how they are demonstrated in todays society. Both are issues that have improved over the years but are stuck in a pretty bad place right now. We need to become aware of these issues and be willing to make changes to see progress and equality across the United States. White privileges are the unearned advantages and immunities that white people benefit from on a daily basis. A lot of times people don’t realize that they have these advantages because they still have to work for what they want, and are still faced with challenges everyday. White privilege does not mean that white people have life easy and never have obstacles to face or that they don’t deserve what they do have, it just means that they don’t have to face the same obstacles as minorities do. I think its important that more people are informed of their unearned privileges so that they do not take advantage of them unintentionally. White privilege is something that minorities can easily see because they re the ones facing the disadvantages. While whites tend to be pretty oblivious of it because its never taught or recognized, we only learn about the disadvantages of others. White privilege and racial inequality is something you see everyday in education, jobs , ho using, and so many other situations. If more people become more aware of all the sides of racial inequality and what part everyone plays in it as an individual,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact of Criminal Sanctions on Racial Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequality: An Analysis974 Words   |  4 PagesRace, Poverty, Punishment In the article Race, Poverty and Punishment: the Impact of Criminal Sanctions on Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequality, authors Wheelock and Uggen (2006) explore the connection between racial and economic disparages and the statistics regarding crime and punishment of those members of the population. 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Over Consumptions Leads to Economic Inequality and Poverty

The global society that the world has is a blend of production, exportation, and consumption. In moments of crisis people believe a solution is to go and buy things and take part in a consumer system, these beliefs are reinforced by advertisements, and as a result America and other capitalist societies have become addicted to consumption. But have these people ever wondered what over consumption is really doing to the world’s economy? Or how it affects everyone by leading to economic inequality and poverty! Over consumption in America contributes to worldwide poverty. â€Å"Each person in the industrialized world uses as much commercial energy as ten people in a developing country.† Western cultures, specifically America have large consumer societies and although it has raised the standard of living for several people, it has also caused economic challenges for many others. Globalization has been a great way of connecting our world together, but with the export of jobs overseas to countries with high poverty rates such as China, Mexico, and India etc. it has caused these countries to become regressive. Jobs are exported to other countries because of the cheap labor that is provided there. For instance, if a company moves their location overseas to China they can pay the Chinese workers for their services significantly less than they would need to pay their previous employees in America. This system is damaging to Americans and the citizens in other countries. Americans loseShow MoreRelatedEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 Pagesthe economic and social costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. 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Ethical and Quality Control Requirements and Guidelines

Question: Discuss about the Ethical and Quality Control Requirements and Guidelines. Answer: Introduction Matt and Stephanie are childhood buddies who shared the same primary and secondary schools and university (Zeff 2016). Matt had been going through financial crisis while Stephanie had been struggling to establish a successful advertising business. In this assignment, an idea would be given whether Matt should help his friend or not. Matt and Stephanie are childhood friends and both had done their primary and secondary schools and university from the same place. They know each other from childhood and it is expected that Stephanie would not give any proposal to Matt which would be harmful to him. Matt was suffering from financial crisis and Stephanie tried to help Matt by providing him opportunity (Lawson et al. 2016). So, the instinct of Matt is not correct and he should not feel any reservation to help Stephanie to analyze her bid. Stephanie is the owner of the branch office and nobody can argue that she is not local. She also had the backing of the talents and resources from regional firms and she has political connections. Thus, Matt should not feel any reservation in helping Stephanie. In context of Matts company, it would not be ethical to analyze Stephanies bid. This is because the company of Matt had appointed him as an accountant with FCPA designation in order to improve the accounts of the company. The company had trusted Matt in this context and they do not expect Matt to betray their trust at any cost (Henderson et al. 2015). Due to his personal crisis, it would not be ethical for Matt to analyze Stephanies bid. On the other hand, Matt and Stephanie are childhood friends and it is the responsibility of a friend to help another friend when she is in crisis. Thus, according to the viewpoint of being a friend, it is ethical for Matt to help Stephanie to analyze the bid. By analyzing the bid of Stephainie, Matt would be violating some of the fundamental principles of APES 110 Revised Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (effective 1 July 2011 with early adoption permitted) issued by the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board (Ge et al. 2016). One of them includes APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants which states that the employee should be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships. On helping Stephainie in her bid, Matt does not remain honest to his company, thereby violating APES 110 Revised Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Conclusion It is advisable that Matt should not help Stephainie to analyze her bid. This is because Matt would be violating the APES 110 Revised Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants and he would not remain loyal towards his organization. It is also seen that due to some money and his way out of financial crisis, he would be violating his ethical codes, which would be harmful for his career. If his company finds out about betraying the trust of the company and instead of helping his own company, FCPA designation to win the bid, he had been helping other companies to win the bid, the company can sue him of his job. Matt would lose his job in that case and he would be into deep financial trouble. Thus, it is better not to analyze Stephainies bid. Instead he can give her some ideas that would help Stephainie analyze her own bid. References Ge, Q., Simnett, R. and Zhou, S., 2016. Ethical and Quality Control Requirements When Undertaking Assurance Engagements. Available at SSRN 2837397. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lawson, B.P., Spencer, A.W. and Turek, M., 2016. Developments in Ethics Guidelines for CPAs. Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance, 27(6), pp.63-71. Zeff, S.A., 2016. Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

Homosexuality Research Essays - Gesture, Nonverbal Communication

Homosexuality Research Over the past decade the author has been presenting seminars, speeches and workshops around the United States on the subject of international behavior. This book is the result of accumulation of more than ten years of research on the subject and it includes research on his travels to England, Germany, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. All this reinforced a conviction that gestures are powerful communicators used by people all over the world. The purpose of this book is to let people know how powerful gestures can be when used correctly or incorrectly. He also wants you to know how a gesture can mean one thing here and another thing somewhere else, something as simple as a wave good bye, could get you into a lot of trouble in another country. This book was broken down into seven chapters: Chapter 1, illustrated with numerous examples, is that not only are gestures and body language powerful communicators, but different cultures use gestures and body language in dramatically different ways. Chapter 2 discusses the most popular gestures found around the world, beginning with how we greet each other. Shaking hand is not the universal greeting. In fact, there are at least a half-dozen other social greetings - even different ways of shaking hands. This chapter also deals with farewells, beckoning, insulting, touching and other types of gestures. Chapter 3 gets into the special types of gestures such as, American Sign Language, Tai Chi, flirting & kissing. Chapter 4 is designed to help you learn or trace a particular gesture, using scores of drawings. Chapter 5 describes what the author calls the ultimate gesture, which is simply the smile. It is rarely misunderstood, scientist believe this particular gesture releases chemicals in the brain called endorphins into the system that create a mild feeling of euphoria. It also may help you slip out of the prickliest or difficult situation's world wide. Chapter 6 is an important list of gestures to keep in mind. It is compiled of 20 gestures that can help you separate right from rude, and rude from crude. Chapter 7 is a listing of country-by-country common gestures and body languages. They group the countries by major geographic region. The organization of the book was a combination of narrative and topical. The basic point of view of the entire book was that if you are planning to leave the United States and travel to another country, you better either keep your hands in you pockets at all times or know the proper gesture for the country you intend on visiting. I would like to site some examples. An American teenager was hitchhiking in Nigeria. A carload of locals passed him. The car screeched to a halt. The locals jumped out and promptly roughed up the teenage visitor. Why? Because in Nigeria, the gesture commonly used in America for hitchhiking (thumb extended upward) is considered a very rude signal. An American couple on an auto tour in Australia was stopped by a police officer in Sydney for failing to signal before turning. Since they were tourists the officer gave them only a friendly warning. Relieved, the American man responded with a smile and the thumbs-up sign. The police officer became enraged, ordered the couple out of the car, called a backup, searched the car, and finally gave the driver an expensive ticket. Later, back in their hotel and recounting their experience, the tourist learned that in Australia the thumbs-up gesture means screw you! As you can see this book has a humorous, but yet serious overtone. It covers important aspects of body languages & gestures in society which is serious stuff, that has a very strong impact on all that come in contact with you. Yet the author is able to express it in a comical nature. I enjoyed the book immensely. There are many ways the ideas in this book can be related to sociology. In fact the whole book is directly related to the subject of sociology especially the culture aspect of it. I will explain in the following paragraphs. Anthologists divide our actions and gestures into three broad categories: instinctive, coded and acquired. Instinctive gestures are those we do almost unconsciously. An example would be when we are suddenly shocked or surprised,

Tibet essays

Tibet essays As Freud said man is wolf to man, meaning that man is always trying to gain power over the weak. World conflicts around the world confirm Freuds philosophies. Men are not gentle creatures who want to be loved, and who at the most can defend themselves if they are attacked; they are, on the contrary, creatures among whose instinctual endowments is to be reckoned a powerful share of aggressiveness. As a consequence of this hostility between human beings, disintegration, mob violence, and conflict between nations threaten society and the world as a whole. This negative and pessimistic view of human nature had its beginnings in the outbreak of World War I, and increased with the sophisticated military technology and mass destruction brought by World War II. The two wars and the following conflicts validated Freuds concepts and prompted an era of reactions; the sad part is that we are still witnessing conflicts between nations, conflicts motivated by the exaggerated need of power that is part of human beings. The conflict between China and Tibet is a good example of a conflict that had its origins in the desire for power and control. Before describing the conflict in detail it is necessary to know the geographical location of China and Tibet and a summary of their history. Tibet lies at the center of Asia, with an area of 2.5 million square kilometers. The earth's highest mountains, a vast arid plateau and great river valleys make up the physical homeland of 6 million Tibetans. The Plateau of Tibet comprises nearly the entire southeastern portion of China. (Goldstein, 19) According to many Tibetans the territory itself promotes a feeling of peace, meditation, and spirituality. The plateau is also the source of five of Asias greatest rivers, making it vital to the environment (Ferroa, 3). China, also known as the Middle Kingdom, sits in East Asia and covers an area of 3.7 million square miles....

Principles of Information Systems and Data Management Essay

Principles of Information Systems and Data Management - Essay Example lic of Iran Customs Administration (IRICA) decided to establish a project founded on information technology for the purpose of better management and organization of the obtainable customs clearance procedures. While talking about the working of this new automatic system set up on information technology the customer will be facilitated through an online system which is advance, very easy and complies with all the universal standards. The Government of Iran took this wise decision for the purpose of creating e-services and then providing increasingly web-based services of commerce available to Iranian communities (UNDP 2010). As per Statistics Sea based business plays a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh. Sea based business is about fishing. In recent year as climate has changed this business had affected seriously. Keeping in view this situation, the Government of Bangladesh decided to initiate a new project named â€Å"National Oceanographic research Institute†. This project is undoubtedly going to start a latest research for an effective handling, management of life at Ocean and also the business. This project is going to start a new institute which can facilitate the new young generation for getting knowledge of research areas in this area of Science (MOSICT 2010). Russian Government has started this project. This project was designed for the purpose of Land administration and providing education of Land management, useful handling of the process of transferring and then digitalizing all the working performance. This latest system of land management and land administration will handle the complete records for the national Land and also has the capability of utilizing the facilities of Information System and Administration. (MALINNIKOV and KAMYNINA 2010). For the assessment of the time table system I want to assess some of the main usability factors while considering the development of new web based system. In the existing scenario these factors have

Advise the Prime Minister and Home Secretary of any problems they are Essay

Advise the Prime Minister and Home Secretary of any problems they are likely to encounter with the Order in Council and its provisionsin Parliament - Essay Example This measure because necessary because the PM and Home Secretary deem the acts of Parliament as being insufficient in dealing with terrorism in the UK. Due to that, they seek to get the Privy Council to issue an Order in Council that states that: 1.Human Rights Act 1998 is not applicable to the exercise of the Order 2.The formulation of a special tribunal by the Order in Council for the trying of suspected terrorism and terrorist sympathisers 3.The tribunal could detain suspects for 90 days. The period is renewable. 4.The nomination of a state advocate to represent the suspect. They cannot choose their own representatives. 5.The state advocate of a suspect could not meet with suspects. 6.The tribunal would hear the case in the absence of the suspect and the state advocate would be appointed to represent the interest of the suspect. 7.Guilty persons will be detained indefinitely and not allowed to meet their visitors. 8.Suspects would be subjected to â€Å"harsh but realistic† regime of incarceration [possibly, torture] 9.There would be no right for appeal for the suspects when they are convicted. 10.There would be no press reports of any type related to the suspects and their hearings. The paper provides an advice for the Prime Minister and Home Secretary on the problems they are likely to encounter with the Order in Council and its provisions. This would be done in relation to Parliament and to the Courts. The courts in the UK are required to operate within the fundamental and primary framework of laws in the UK that are a valid part of the laws of the land. This include the traditional sources of UK law and other sources of the law in the country.

A comparison of the Ideas of William James and the Teachings of Christ Essay Example for Free

A comparison of the Ideas of William James and the Teachings of Christ Essay William James had an incisive insight about a number of intellectual and psychological dealings. He was a trained medical doctor yet he excelled in the field of philosophy and wrote enormously about his thoughts and ideas. Pragmatism, Meaning of Truth as a Sequel to Pragmatism, Pluralistic Universe, and Varieties of Religious Experiences are considered as the major philosophical premises proposed by William James. The ideas of Pragmatism demand scrupulous attention to understand. As per William James, the meaning of an idea or a proposition or a thought lies in its observable practical consequences. Hence the idea under proposition must exhibit this quality of direct practical results. He believes that a thought or an idea must always be based on the verity of faith. He writes: A fact [may] not come at all unless a preliminary faith exists in its coming†¦ Faith in a fact can help create the fact. (James, The Will to Believe, 1897) Therefore trust and idea are sometimes inter-reliant and may often cease to exist without each other. He opines that the truth or falsity of a judgment depends on the obtainment of the expectations that follow the judgment under question. For a judgment to comply with this, one needs to be pragmatic [= as a matter-of-fact] in his approach towards the events which are going to be judged. We can also see a contrast between his thoughts when he constantly vacillates between science and religion. The general credence that religious experiences involve a supernatural domain, on the whole, is somehow remote to science. However, to the individual human being these remote things are accessible as their driving force is faith and not empirical examination. James tries to bridge this gap between science and religion. The difference between the scientific principles and religious beliefs are woven to arrive at a multipart thinking procedure which we can call as the â€Å"Science of Religion†. He wrote about this as follows: Religious experience, in other words, spontaneously and inevitably engenders myths, superstitions, dogmas, creeds, and metaphysical theologies, and criticisms of one set of these by the adherents of another. Of late, impartial classifications and comparisons have become possible, alongside of the denunciations and anathemas by which the commerce between creeds used exclusively to be carried on. We have the beginnings of a â€Å"Science of Religions,† so-called; and if these lectures could ever be accounted a crumb-like contribution to such a science, I should be made very happy. (James, The Varieties of Religious Experiences, Lecture XVIII) These thoughts point towards that eternal question of can there be a God who created this universe? A pragmatist, such as James Williams, would say â€Å"Yes, there indeed must be an empirical God who made all this universe provided the consequences are proved or the relations established†. That, simply put, is another state of perplexity where the vision of identifying the ‘Cause’ and ‘Effect’ may cease to exist. Now let us examine what pure religion and religious thoughts or philosophies (sans James Williams! ) say about such perplexities of life. The Bible and the preaching of Jesus Christ and other religious foundations categorically decline the right to question. They demand absolute ‘surrender’ in order to get absolute ‘delight’. The teachings of Jesus must be quoted here: Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on sand. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash. (Matthew 7:24-27) The teachings of Christ demands unquestionable faith in the supernatural in order to attain absolute delight. This absolute delight or state of freedom is in total contrast to what we have seen so far in the flow of William James’ ideas. However there is one similarity: That both the schools of thoughts agree to the fact that humanity is something which, neither needs to be empirically analyzed nor pragmatically accepted. The laws of both pragmatism and religion bend and tend to converge at one solitary point and this point of convergence is diligently referred to as ‘Kindness’. Historically, William James lived in the 19th Century. (January 11, 1842 August 26, 1910) During this period of time America was witnessing the industrial revolution and started emerging as the international power. It was also that phase of the history when the country was reeling under aftereffects of the Civil War and the laborer strikes. The ideas of William James were widely accepted from both laymen and intellectuals alike. The very concepts of ‘Pragmatism’, â€Å"Will to Live’, ‘Pluralistic Universe’ and ‘A Study in Human Nature’ were regarded as the new hopes amidst turbulent times. Even though the dynamics of the contemporary society have changed immeasurably, I still feel some of James’ ideas would be contentedly accepted. Economical imbalances (Read: The Recession), and religious conflicts (Read: Fundamentalists/Extremists) have rendered a sense of cynicism. The thoughts of William James will surely be a respite if understood and implemented diligently. The astute adoption is the key as James writes: The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook. (William James The Principles of Psychology, 1890) Let us hope better sense prevails upon the humanity and the thoughts of William James guide us through the testing times. References William James, The Will to Believe, 1897 William James, The Varieties of Religious Experiences, Lecture XVIII Bible, Matthew 7:24-27 William James The Principles of Psychology, 1890

The Themes in Oedipus Rex Essays -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The Themes in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex, contains one main theme, which this essay will consider. The theme is the general doctrine or belief implicit in the drama, which the author seeks to make persuasive to the reader (Abrams 170).    In â€Å"Sophocles’ Moral Themes† Robert D. Murray Jr. cites a critic who is strictly moralist in the interpretation of the theme of Oedipus Rex:    Let C. M. Bowra speak for the moralists:    The central idea of a Sophoclean tragedy is that through suffering a man learns to be modest before the gods. . . . When [the characters] are finally forced to see the truth, we know that the gods have prevailed and that men must accept their own insignificance.    In short, for Bowra, the essence of each play of Sophocles is a message urging humility and piety (45).    Van Nortwick, seemingly in support of Bowra, describes Oedipus’ tragic flaw as something equivalent to the lack of modesty before the gods which Bowra refers to:    As ruler, he is a father to Thebes and its citizens, and like a father he will take care of his â€Å"children.† We see already the supreme self-confidence and ease of command in Oedipus, who can address not only other people’s children as his own, but also be a father to men older than he is. But beyond even this there is, in the sretched posture of the citizens, the hint of prostration before a deity. We are â€Å"clinging to your altars,† says the priest. . . . That he also exudes a godlike mastery in the eyes of his subjects only strengthens the heroic portrait. . . .(21-22).    The â€Å"godlike mastery† to which Van Nortwick refers is the same mastery which Creon in his final lines designates as the cause of the... ...of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O’Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.    Jevons, Frank B.   â€Å"In Sophoclean Tragedy, Humans Create Their Own Fate.† In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997.    Murray, Robert D. Jr. â€Å"Sophocles’ Moral Themes.† In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997.    â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi    Van Nortwick, Thomas.   Oedipus: The Meaning of a Masculine Life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.   

Chanel’s Exhibition Compared to Vermibus Essay

Two exhibitions, both held during October 2012, will form the bases of this comparative essay. Chanel’s fashion photography exhibition entitled ‘The Little Black Jacket: Chanel’s Classic Revisited’ held at the Saatchi Gallery 12th October – 4th November 2012, and Vermibus’ display of appropriated adverts called ‘Unmasking Kate’ shown at the Moniker Arts Fair 11th -14th October 2012 will be used to explore the links each exhibition has to the themes of advertising and celebrity. ‘The Little Black Jacket: Chanel’s Classic Revisited’ is a celebration of the ‘timelessness’ (Saatchi, 2012) that is the Chanel jacket first introduced in 1953 (Armstrong, 2012), which Karl Lagerfeld, the creative director for Chanel, has revamped for the twenty-first century. ‘The Chanel jacket is a man’s jacket which has become a typical feminine piece†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Lagerfeld cited Making of- The Video, 2012), co-writer and photographer for the exhibition Lagerfeld, articulates the versatility of the garment, which is a key theme expressed throughout the show. The exhibition consists of 113 photographs of celebrities modelling (Saatchi, 2012) the jacket to which the entire exhibition is a tribute to (Saatchi, 2012). In contention with the notion of product and brand celebration the Spanish-born artist Vermibus presented his ‘Unmasking Kate’ series at the Moniker Arts Fair, ‘†¦now in its third year, the fair†¦[of] contemporary artists with urban roots†¦[is] an assembly united by a desire to rebel’ (Spence, 2012). Amongst the rebels is street artist and ex-branding photographer turned contemporary artist (lamono, 2012), Vermibus. The principle of his work is the appropriation of designer advertising posters found publically, as a statement against the image of our materialistic consumer driven society (Finucane, 2012). The title of Vermibus’ current series ‘Unmasking Kate’ refers to both his method of appropriating the posters and to his subject, namely the model Kate Moss. Vermibus argues that he uses Moss’s image ‘†¦because she has been the flagship of fashion for the last 20 years’ (Lamono, 2012) and is therefore an easily recognizable icon of modern fashion and consumer society ‘Kate Moss †¦had to construct thousands of masks to hide her fears†¦ [she] internalized those masks from the beginning and we bought them all†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Lamono, 2012) Vermibus reveals his ideas about masks fueled by the advertising industry. He further uses Moss’ image to show, simultaneously, the vulnerability of the human subject and the medias exploitation of the notion of celebrity. This theme parallels the way Andy Warhol used Marilyn Monroe’s image after her death (Modern Masters: Andy Warhol, 2010). Likewise, the Chanel exhibition echoes some Warhol themes, yet using the celebrity image to celebration its brand and product originally from the 1950’s (Modern Masters: Andy Warhol, 2010). The exhibitions work on Warhol themes differently either to criticize or celebrate advertising and product branding (Modern Masters: Andy Warhol, 2010). The title of the exhibition ‘The Little Black Jacket: Chanel’s classic revisited’ uses a play on the now clichà ©d notion of ‘the little black dress’ this seemingly playful reference to an item that Coco Chanel arguably made ubiquitous in 1926 (Fritz, 2012) as ‘a uniform for all women of taste’ (Crystal, 2007) carries the suggestion that the redesigning of the Chanel jacket has caused the garment to become as revolutionary and versatile as the little black dress and thus deserves the same universal appeal and fashionable credibility. This is further reflected in the exhibition’s promotional use of words such as ‘classic’ (Armstrong, 2012), ‘iconic’ (Saatchi, 2012) and ‘timeless’ (The Exhibition Opening – The Film, 2012), phrases often made in reference to the little black dress, conveying the item as an essential part of both a man and woman’s collection, in this way almost surp assing the success of the little black dress. Despite their difference, the most prominent connection between both exhibitions is the use of fashion photography. While Vermibus appropriates already publish photographic based adverts, Lagerfeld endeavours to create a series of fashion photographs, seemingly ready for an advertising campaigns (fig:1) sans the alluring taglines and buyer information. However, perhaps text is not necessary in conveying advertising messages: ‘As advertising has become so subject to the influence of photography that in some cases it is nothing other than fashion photography in its pure form.’ (Zahm, 2003 p.267) Lagerfeld’s photography could, therefore, be read as adverts for the Chanel jacket. This is illustrated in the use of a shallow depth of field added to the blank studio backdrop, uniform in all of Lagerfeld’s shots and reminiscent of many advertising campaigns. The technique seems to encourage the viewer to read the model as the main focus of the shot. The positioning of the models, strictly following the rule of thirds in all displayed images, seems actively styled to further accentuate the Chanel jacket as it is after all the subject of the photographic exhibition and perhaps the product to be endorsed. Looking at the images from this angle makes the work seems more sinister; putting the gallery viewer in the position of a consumer. Vermibus’ acquired advertising posters are often comparable in style and content to those featured in the Chanel exhibition. The Vermibus technique involves the systematic removal of layers of gloss and colour from the face of the models (fig:2) using solvents such as white spirit ‘in a unique painting counter-action’ (Open Walls Gallery, 2012) creating gestural, painterly brush marks reminiscent of Lucian Freud ‘s ‘naked’ series (fig:3). This method of working directly on to the photographic image creates an interesting juxtaposition between the flat, glossy, original photographic elements left untouched in the clothe and hair of the advert compared to the textured, painterly brush marks and colours crated by the solvents application on the glossy flesh of the models image (Finucane, 2012). This all helps to convert the adverts ‘†¦flawless and sanitized icons†¦into harrowing and contorted figures evocative of ‘Francis Bacon’s seminal works’ (Finucane, 2012) (fig:4). Through this treatment Vermibus is trying to uncover the essence of the figures by ‘dehumanizes those figures †¦ trying to find the aura of the individual, the personality that was lost†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Moniker Art Fair, 2012) in the world of advertisement, which seems in direct contention with the image and brand driven concept of the Chanel exhibition. Nonetheless, a form of distortion is also evident in the instillation part of the Chanel exhibition (fig:5), large glass etched version of selected prints create intertextual connections to the work of pop artist Roy Lichtenstein (fig:6) namely in the use of the pixelated bendy dots and primary colours. Through pixelating the benday dots Lagerfeld seems to marry a nostalgic past of image reproduction with modern-day digital innovations. This mirrors the merging of past and present in fashion exhibition. The link to Pop Art is further contextualised as the original Chanel jacket would have debuted around the time that the pop art movement was emerging (Gersh-Nesic, 2012). Unlike many Pop artists and Lagerfeld’s work, Vermibus eradicates branding from his work. Then returns the adverts to their original places in the advertising shelters as ‘gifts for the passers-by’ (Moniker Art Fair, 2012 p.19). As he stats that ‘private companies have taken over these spaces and what I want to do is return them to the public’ (Lamono, 2012). Chanel’s exhibition in this way also stands in contrast to the notion that a luxury brand ‘buys its way into our public spaces [and it] must be passively accepted as a one-way information flow.’ – (Klein, 2002). This is an argument held and expressed within the work of Vermibus. Instead of following this traditional model of advertising which relies heavily and spend vast amounts of money on limited single-way communication advertising (Jackson, 2009), Chanel arguably used a credible gallery to advertise under the guise of culture enrichment; a ‘more interactive, experiential and customised communication’ (Jackson, 2009, p. 273). However, Anderson (2000) argues that shows like this ‘illustrates [the] approaches taken by those in the commercial sphere, who are completely unfettered by museological traditions’ (Anderson, 2000, p.386). However, the Saatchi gallery; was set up by Charles Saatchi like many ‘high net worth individuals who operate their collections like museums for the public’ (picassomio.com) thus needs not to uphold traditions of the museum and is not duty bound to provide advertisement-free exhibitions. This may seem like devious undercover advertising ‘†¦however visitors will construct their own coherence†¦.which may or may not comply with that of the curator†¦'(Hooper-Greenhill, 2000, p.7) thus the advertising undertones of the exhibition may be passively accepted or rejected by viewers. In this way Chanel opens the flow of communication, although, arguably ‘even the best fashion photography is still an industry in service of industry’ (Zahm, 2003, p.265). Therefore, in blurring the lines between free cultural experiences and marketing gimmicks Chanel is clearly attempting to increase their revenue, as Lagerfeld affirms ‘I am not a commercial person †¦ but the final complement is†¦when you buy [the product]’ (The World of Karl Lagerfeld, c.2010). The fact that Lagerfeld’s creative and corporate elements merge in the exhibition is sinisterly convenient ‘†¦it is undeniable that the motivations of designers to co-operate with curators in having their work displayed in museums are largely about prestige, self-promotion and profit’ (Anderson, 2000, p. 375) marring the impression of such exhibitions as nothing more than an oblique advertising campaign. The ‘anti-publicist’ (Lamono, 2012) Vermibus’ illustrates his distain for the advertising industry which Lagerfelds work seems to represent, ‘the brands goal is to remove the model’s identity†¦the model is not a person any more but an image whose only value is for selling’ (Finucane, J. 2012). Vermibus’ ideas are reminiscent of the Situationist International’s concepts of the spectacle (Debord, 1957-61) equally, Vermibus’ appropriated posters carry strong connections to their notion of detournement ‘reusing preexisting†¦elements in a new ensemble’ (Debord, 1957-61). Thus Vermibus’ symbolic use of white sprit on adverts, can act as an allegory for reestablishing identity from the spectacle. This notion of brands taking over ones identity is also suggested in the Chanel exhibition video ‘†¦and with each person’s personality the jacket lives through them †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Chloe Moretz cited in ‘The Exhibition Opening -The Film’ 2012) presenting the consumer product as a sort of symbiotic parasite using and replacing the identity of the wearer. This relates further to Williamson’s (1995) argument that ‘people are made to identify themselves with what they consume’ (Williamsons 1995 p.13). People become use brands and styles to project their identity through non-verbal communication thus: ‘Advertisements are selling us something else besides consumer goods†¦in providing us with a structure in which we and those goods are interchangeable, they are selling us ourselves.’ (Williamson, 1995 p13) This would explain why so many of the videos produced by Chanel surrounding the Black Jacket exhibition continuously stress the versatility of the jacket ‘†¦ You can do a lot with it†¦it suits everyone’ (Carine Roitfeld cited in Making of – The Video, 2012) conveying almost subliminally that people need to have this item that can fit their already established style; ‘the bohemian look, the Victorian look, the more kinda [sic] fun Kate Moss look†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Chloe Moretz cited in The Exhibition opening -the film’ 2012) further promoting its value and illustrating the ‘cannibalistic’ nature of fashion (Zahm, 2003 p. 266), which feed into the spectacle (Debord,1957-61) by assimilating and reproducing the same items and feeling of desire within society. The Chanel exhibitions use of celebrity images differs to that a Vermibus, as it seems to reflect the wider marketing idea that using celebrity endorsements is a ‘strong marketing plus†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Jackson, 2009 p191). Along side the photographers the behind the scenes film presents testimonials from celebrities ‘I consider it [the Chanel jacket] a prized possession. I feel very lucky’ (Sarah Jessica Parker cited in Making of- The Video, 2012) enticing the viewer to desire the item. Atkin (2010) contend that this is because humans are prehistorically ‘hardwired’ to want to glean information about how to become successful survivors by watching and copying the most successful in our society, i.e. the celebrities (Star Suckers, 2010). advertisers like Chanel are manipulating this evolutionary flaw to give ‘[a] product which initially has no meaning †¦.value by a person†¦who has a value to us†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Williamson, 1995, p.31). In contrast, celebrities are utilized by Vermibus to liberate the human being from the celebrity ‘mask’ evoking sympathy from the audience however, it is not clear how much the celebrity image entices the viewer’s prehistoric urge and interest in Vermibus’ work. In conclusion the two exhibitions on the surface have very different and opposing motivations. However, on inspection both deal with similar themes of fashion photography, advertising and celebrity in different ways. Although it falls beyond the scope of this essay compare every element of the exhibitions it has attempted to demonstrate that Lagerfeld’s approach has strong advertising undertone, while Vermibus’ work is anti-publicist in nature. Therefore, despite displaying work at arts fair, with the purpose of promoting and selling his work, the artist maintains his anti-establishment ethos ‘Being at [an art fair] is another way to attack from within’ (Lamono, 2012) which conveys the fundamental difference between the two exhibitions; they both exploit the image of celebrities to draw attention to their work but while Vermibus’ ideology remains paramount it would seem that for Lagerfeld the financial gain is the principal purpose of the exhibition. References: Anderson, F (2000) ‘Museum as Fashion Media’, in Bruzzi, S. and Gibson, C. (eds.) Fashion Cultures: Theories, Exploration and Analysis. London : Routledge pp. 371-389. Armstrong, L. (2012) ‘Chanel’s Little Black Jacket: How Chanel split the fashion atom’, Telegraph [Online] Available at: http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9602510/Chanels-Little-Black-Jacket-How-Chanel-split-the-fashion-atom.html (Accessed 3/12/2012 Crystal, (2007) Little Black Dress Quotes. Available at: http://no-white-marks.blogspot.com/2007/10/little-black-dress-quotes.html (Accessed: 3/12/2012) Debord, G. (1957-61) ‘Writings from the Situationist International’ in Harrison,C and Wood, P.J. (eds.) (2002) Art Theory 1900-2000. Oxford:Blackwell. pp.701-707 Finucane, J. (2012) New art New Ideas London: Moniker Arts Fair Fritz, M. (2012) A Short History of the Little Black Dress. [Online]. Available at: http://www.realsimple.com/beauty-fashion/clothing/dresses-skirts/little-black-dress-00000000046948/index.html (Accessed: 29/11/12) Gersh-Nesic, B. (2012) About.com. Available at: http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/Pop-Art-Art-History-101-Basics.htm (Accessed: 08/11/12) Hooper-Greenhill, E (2000) Museums and Interpretation of Visual Culture London: Routledge Jackson, T. and Shaw, D. (2009), Fashion Marketing Hampshire: Palgrave Klein, N. (2002) No Logos. New York:Picador Lamono (2012) Vermibus, Attack From Within [Online]. Available at: http://lamonomagazine.com/hunter/vermibus-ataque-desde-dentro/ (Accessed 28/11/2012) Making of – the video,’ 2012, by Chanel [online] available at: http://thelittleblackjacket.chanel.com/en_GB/makingof (Accessed 16/11/12) Modern Masters: Andy Warhol – Documentary – Artist, (2010) by Alastair Sooke, UK [Online] available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWU7I6fGpMI&feature=share&list=LLU15G_d3N4Dd14H85X-eCCg (Accessed: 08/11/12) Moniker Art Fair, (2012) Moniker Art Fair About. [Online] Available at: http://www.monikerartfair.com/2012/ (Accessed: 18/10/12) Open Walls Gallery (2012) Vermibus [Online] Available at: http://www.openwallsgallery.com/artist/vermibus (Accessed 15/11/12) Picassomio, General Art Articles[online]. Available at: http://www.picassomio.com/art-articles/what-is-the-difference-between-a-museum-and-a-gallery.html (Accessed: 28/11/12) Saatchi gallery (2012) The Little Black Jacket. [Online] Available at: http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/current/the_little_black_jacket.php (Accessed: 15/11/12) Spence, R. (2012) ‘Go forth and multiply’, The Financial Times [Online] Avalible at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/0a062f4c-1486-11e2-8cf2-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2EEPdaatD (Accessed: 14/11/12) Star Suckers, (2010) by Chris Atkins UK [DVD] The Exhibition Opening – The Film, (2012) by Chanel [Online] Available at: http://thelittleblackjacket.chanel.com/en_GB/exhibition/london (Accessed: 16/11/12) The World of Karl Lagerfeld, (c. 2010) by Anjali Rao China [Online] Avalible at: http://youtu.be/m0ljhBgy0Hc (Accessed 20/11/12) Williamsons, J (1995) Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Marion Boyars Zahm, O. (2003) ‘On the Marked Change in Fashion Photography’, in Welters, L. and Lillethon, A. (eds.) (2007) The Fashion Reader. Oxford: Berg, pp. 263-269.

Explanation of Human Behavior - 867 Words

Psychology as the article states is â€Å"it is a broad discipline, essentially spanning subject matter from biology to sociology. Psychologists have doctoral degrees. They study the intersection of two critical relationships: one between brain function and behavior, and another between the environment and behavior. As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, using careful observation, experimentation and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings.†(APA, 2014) How psychology developed into science is when Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt whom a German physician philosopher, physiologist and professor and also the founder of modern psychology illustrated psychology as a science†¦show more content†¦Behaviorism also believes in the scientific method and that only behavior that is observable should be studied because it can be objectively measured. This perspective rejects the idea that people have free will and ac knowledges that the environment determines all behavior. Moreover humanism is another perspective that explains behavior in the sense that it studies the whole person. Humanistic psychologist look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but in the eyes of the person acting out the behaving. They believe that the individual’s behavior is related to inner feelings and self-image. This perspective differs from the behaviorist perspective in the fact that the humanistic approach centers their view that each person is different and each individual has the free will to change at any time in his or her life. This perspective was emphasized by the two most influential psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. In addition, the psychodynamic perspective explained that the human mind is like an iceberg, but with only a small amount of it being visible, which is our observable behavior. 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There are many different theories on what causes a person to exhibit deviant behavior. Some explanations can be biological

À Condition Que Takes the French Subjunctive

The phrase à   condition que (provided that)  is one of a long list of what are called French conjunctive phrases, which usually introduce a subordinating clause in a sentence. A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that usually ends in  que  and is often a  subordinating conjunction  linking a subordinating clause to the main clause. Close to half of such conjunctive phrases used  as subordinating conjunctions, including à   condition  que,  require a subjunctive verb to convey their meaning: Je lachà ¨terai à   condition que tu le prennes.Ill buy it provided that you take it. The subjunctive  mood  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. Subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent, or subordinate, clauses introduced by  que  or  qui. Conjunctive Phrases The phrases below with * take a subjunctive verb. Those with ** take the formal, more literary ne explà ©tif, which is a ne  negation without the pas. à   condition que*  Ã‚  provided that afin que*  Ã‚  so that ainsi que  Ã‚  just as, so as alors que  Ã‚  while, whereas à   mesure que  Ã‚  as (progressively) à   moins que**  Ã‚  unless aprà ¨s que  Ã‚  after, when à   supposer que*  Ã‚  assuming that au cas oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in case aussità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon as avant que**  Ã‚  before bien que*  Ã‚  although dans lhypothà ¨se oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in the event that de crainte que**  Ã‚  for fear that de faà §on que*  Ã‚  in such a way that de manià ¨re que*  Ã‚  so that de mà ªme que  Ã‚  just as de peur que**  for fear that depuis que  Ã‚  since de sorte que*  Ã‚  so that, in such a way that dà ¨s que  Ã‚  as soon as en admettant que*  Ã‚  assuming that en attendant que*  Ã‚  while, until encore que*  Ã‚  even though jusquà   ce que*  Ã‚  until parce que  Ã‚  because pendant que  Ã‚  while pour que*  Ã‚  so that pourvu que*  Ã‚  provided that quand bien mà ªme  Ã‚  even though/if quoi que*  Ã‚  whatever, no matter what sans que**  Ã‚  without sità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon as supposà © que*  Ã‚  supposing tandis que  Ã‚  while, whereas tant que  Ã‚  Ã‚  as long as vu que  Ã‚  seeing as/that Additional Resources The Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?Expressions with à  

Bridging Accounting Assignment - 2562 Words

a) Describe the general purpose of the statement of comprehensive income. In addition, explain the terms income and expenses as defined by the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. According to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), an entity shall present its total comprehensive income for an accounting period either in a single statement or two statements where all items of income and expenses recognized in that particular accounting period are presented however for two statements, except those that are recognized in total comprehensive income outside of profit or loss as permitted or required by IFRS. The comprehensive income is a statement inclusive of all income and expenses including revenue, profit and†¦show more content†¦Losses include those resulting from natural disasters and disposal of non-current assets. Losses by definition also include unrealized losses like effects of increases in the exchange rate for a foreign currency from borrowings so when losses are recognized in the income statements, they would usually be displayed distinctly as knowledge of them is useful for purpose of making economic decisions and are often reported net of related income. b) Describe the general purpose of the statement of financial position. In addition, explain the terms asset, liability and equity as defined by the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. The financial position is a statement also known as balance sheet, presents the financial position of an entity at a given date – i.e. as at 31st December 2013. It consists of three main components; assets, liabilities and equity. The statement of financial position facilitates users in assessing the financial soundness of an entity in terms of liquidity risk, financial risk, credit risk and business risk. 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Purchase Intention for Multiplatform Strategies-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePurchase Intention for Multiplatform Strategies. Answer: Develop purchase intention This is the extent to which a brand is worthy of being bought by the customer. It is calculated from the D-score, when the price index is subtracted from the consumer desire. In this case, the warmth and consumers purchase intention significantly influences the purchase intention. Mainly in the selected area, China, one will find very low and elusive brand loyalty. According to the research, competence and brand warmth, due to their well blending with each other, affected the purchase intention positively. Thus, high levels of competence and warmth levels affect the brand benefits beyond individual effects (Kim and Han 2014, pp.256). Key findings The research found that advertisement exposure was both through the online and offline platform. Also, it ascertains that by using multiplatform strategies, salient features of the brand perception is exerted which then affect purchase intention. Some key methods of improving the purchase intention found were enhancing the warmth of the brand and also the perceived competence. Customers will brand a product reliable if it has a high competence and gives them the warmth they need. When a brand is excellent and warm, it can be helpful, sincere and even modest. Also, it has been noted that offline advertisements are cheaper than online advertisements (Imhoff et al. 2013,pp.4). However, the targeted segment and access is quicker than when done offline. Lastly, effects exhibited by these brands are traceable to the advertisement they appear in. This is an important discovery as brands frequently endeavor to distinguish themselves. Reference list Kim, Y.J. and Han, J., 2014. Why smartphone advertising attracts customers: A model of Web advertising, flow, and personalization.Computers in Human Behavior,33, pp.256-269. Imhoff, R., Woelki, J., Hanke, S., and Dotsch, R. (2013). Warmth and competence in your face! Visual encoding of stereotype content.Frontiers in Psychology, 4.

Split Brain Essay Example

Split Brain Essay Throughout history, the brain has been described as the most unique and complex organ in the human body. From the dawn of civilization as we know it, humans have earnestly studied the structures and functions of the brain. Despite their efforts over the centuries, we still know very little. However, due to the early primary research work of two well known biological psychologists, Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga, scholars have obtained some insight into the brain’s characteristics and functions, according to Bridget Dauphin’s online discussion (http://www.xula.edu/xulanexus/issue1/Dauphin.html). Findings from Sperry and Gazzaniga’s research have led to significant theories about the lateralization of brain function in humans. There are various theories hypothesizing that the different hemispheres may have different personalities, different minds and also conflicting action plans.According to Moritz (1986), for example, hemispheric specialization is one of the major characteristics of the brain. This means that the right hemisphere has special cognitive tasks it completes well; and the left hemisphere has special cognitive tasks for which it exerts dominance in terms of processing information. Indeed, based upon the literature in neurobiology, the left side of the brain in humans controls language-related and analytical skills, while the right side dominates the areas associated with non-verbal and non-linguistic stimuli like visual and spatial tasks, pattern recognitions, musical information as well as artistic and emotional expressions. Also it should be noted that the two hemispheres exercise criss-cross lateral functions in the body which is called contralateralization. This refers to the situation in which the left brain controls the right side of the body and the right brain controls the left side (Moritz, 1986).Carlson (1994) also discovered that split-brain studies seem to provide the evidence for the importance of criss-cross com munication between the two hemispheres so that humans can process information successfully. He notes the following, as described on Dauphin’s web site:Although different skills lie primarily within different hemispheres, the importance of communication between the two sides becomes apparent as one delves into the findings of  split-brain research. This research involves studying humans and animals with their left and right hemispheres surgically separated. Such surgeries are not done for experimental purposes in human beings, but, rather, to treat specific brain disorders. For example, some split-brain surgeries have been used to treat life-threatening epilepsy that is unresponsive to drug therapy (http://www.xula.edu/xulanexus/issue1/Dauphin.html).Therefore, based upon the work of these researchers across the world and over the course of time, the term split-brain can be defined as the outcome of a surgical procedure in which the corpus callosum connecting the two hemisphe res of the brain is severed. The general definition found in various studies summarizes the whole split-brain outcome that some patients suffering from severe and violent epileptic seizures become split-brain, through a surgical operation called a corpus callosotomy. Even though it is a rare neurological procedure that is performed, the objective of the neurosurgeon is to decrease the chances of risking death, accidents and physical injuries in the lives of their epileptic patients. Therefore, a corpus callosotomy has been used to control severe and violent epileptic episodes so that affected people do not harm themselves or their families.Neurological Behavior of Split-Brain PatientsIt has been observed that people with a split-brain, when shown an image in their left visual field (the left half of what each eye sees), will be unable to verbalize what they have seen. This inability happens because the left hemisphere controls the speech mechanism in most humans on our planet, and t hus, the picture from the left visual field is sent only to the right hemisphere. Since the two sides of the brain cannot communicate any more owing to the corpus callosum being severed, the patients cannot name what they are seeing. The persons can, however, pick up a corresponding object (one within the left overall visual field) with their left hand, since that hand is controlled by the right side of their brain. This is why some researchers have also speculated that the split-brain patients seem to have two minds, two natures, each hemisphere with its own special goals and unique operations (Cohen 2006: 90).Definition of Brain ComponentsAccording to the Cognitive Psychology Group 212, the following factors describe the major components of the anatomy of the brain, and what happens if those components suffer trauma or injury.Brainstem.   The brainstem is located in the lower part of the brain and controls functions necessary for human life such as breathing, heart rate, and dig estion. It connects with nerve fibers at the bottom of the brain and leads into the spinal cord nervous system.Cerebellum. Also found in the back region of the brain, the cerebellum significantly controls balance and muscle coordination in humans. People who suffer from injuries to this area would most likely experience problems with taking care of themselves and simple walking and physical exercises.Frontal Lobe. Since the frontal lobe is the area primarily responsible for human personality and higher cognitive processing, it is not difficult to understand how damage or injury in this area can result in transformation of people’s personality. The frontal lobe contains two very important sections, the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior section controls the characteristics of one’s personality, whereas the posterior region dominates the execution of motor skills and coordination in humans.Occipital Lobe. Also located in the back of the brain, the occipital lobe assists people in processing the visual information they receive from the environment. Thus, it is not surprising that damage to this region causes people to experience major vision problems and difficulty with recognizing simple objects.Parietal Lobe. The parietal lobe works with human sensation, and, like the frontal lobe, it is divided into two sub-regions. The right parietal lobe is more visual and spatial-oriented. Therefore, any injury to the right lobe would most likely result in the patients experiencing   difficulty with navigating new and even familiar environments. Likewise, any damage to the left lobe, â€Å"which is more sensory oriented, may affect a patient’s language abilities† (Cognitive Psychology 212 Group).Temporal Lobe. Both right and left temporal lobes deal with skill-based tasks associated with humans’ comprehension of language, such as memory, interpretation and processing of auditory input, that is, what we hear in the environment. Th e right lobe has also been described as the component of our brains most concerned with visual memory, whereas the left lobe is most concerned with verbal memory.Corpus Callosum. Notably, the corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain, and sends information between them. So it enables humans to experience life and the environment with all of their diverse stimuli, holistically. However, in the cases of split-brain patients, the connection with the corpus callosum between the two regions would have been cut (Cognitive Psychology 212 Group) causing split-brain people to manifest certain â€Å"unusual† behavior.Background History Research on Split-Brain PatientsMany studies have indicated that when patients initially undergo surgery to sever the connection between the right and left hemispheres, there may be no major changes; however, the findings from several experiments do document significant effects after all. Most experiments, including those done by Sperry, and Gazzangaga, involved flashing a picture to one visual field while blocking the other field. In such studies, researchers would flash a picture to the right eye to be processed by the left side of the brain, and to the left eye to be processed by the right side. Surprisingly, they found that when pictures were flashed to the right side (left brain), the patients had no trouble identifying the object in the picture, but when pictures were flashed to the left side (right brain), patients were unable to see a picture. However, when the patients were instructed to reach behind a screen to pick out the correct item, they always chose the item that had been flashed to their right brain (Cognitive Psychology Group 212).Specifically, for example, Dauphin (2000) also indicates that in the 1960s, â€Å"Roger Sperry had begun conducting split-brain studies.  Initially, he experimented on cats by severing the corpus callosum, the major bundle of axons joining the left and righ t hemispheres of the brain† (http://www.xula.edu/xulanexus/issue1/Dauphin.html). Dauphin advocates that Sperry’s different experiments demonstrated the significant role of the corpus callosum in transferring messages across the brain hemispheres. Two-way communication among superior capacities of the brain, such as perception, memory, and cognition is possible because of the corpus callosum. Furthermore, states Dauphin, Sperry’s research also indicated that without the corpus callosum the brain is like two separate entities, one functioning without awareness of the other (as cited in Moritz, 1986).Looking back, â€Å"one of the first experiments involved flashing a picture of a spoon in the visual field of a patients right hemisphere (not shown to the left hemisphere). The subject was then instructed to select the item he had seen by touching it. With his left hand (controlled only by the right hemisphere in split-brain patients), the person reached behind a scr een to examine several objects by touch and correctly chose the spoon (as cited in Moritz, 1986).However, when asked which item was shown, the patient could not give the correct answer verbally. These results indicated that the right hemisphere contained spatial information and the left hemisphere was the source of language and analytic skills. Because the spoon was not shown to the left hemisphere, the center of language skills, it could not be verbally identified† (as cited in Teyler, 1975).These split-brain researchers have therefore concluded that the left brain in humans must control language since the patients who had seen the pictures flashed on that side could describe the object. Since the right brain does not have a language processing center, patients were unable to produce words describing the object when it was flashed exclusively to that side. But, the right brain still understood the contents of the picture because the patients were able to pick out the object f rom behind the screen when instructed to do so.Split brain patients, therefore, seem somewhat fortunate still because their medical condition of a severed callosum does not hinder their normal lives. Nevertheless, however, many have undergone some major changes soon after the surgery, as certain experiments have already established. â€Å"For the most part, split-brain patients can function normally due to other areas of the brain that assist in communication; however, some problems do surface. In the most extreme cases, the left and right sides of the body come into direct conflict. For example, one patient described his right hand struggling to pull up his pants while his left hand pushed them down. On another occasion, this mans left hand (controlled by the emotional right hemisphere) attempted to strike his wife, while his right hand (controlled by the logical left hemisphere) tried to prevent it† (Springer and Deutsch, 1981).In essence, according to Springer Deutsch (19 81), split-brain patients do report complaints that are not so strange. â€Å"For example, some patients experience difficulties in associating names with faces, which is due to a disconnection between verbal skills and facial recognition skills. Similarly, other patients report difficulties in handling geometrical tasks and may have trouble in geometry classes. Still others complain of a poor memory and a lack of dreaming, but these have not been verified as specifically resulting from split-brain operations.†Springer Deutsch (1981) also believe that even when patients do report problems, the obstacle they complain about seem very subtle. They claim that it should be noted that in addition to the   corpus callosum, there are other mechanisms in the brain â€Å"that provide alternate links between the hemispheres. Also, because both hemispheres generally receive the same visual information, the perception of the world generally comes together as a whole even in split-brai n patients.†Ã‚   Many scientific fields have benefited from Roger Sperry’s work and others in this field. Scholars now have some insight about how brain hemispheric specialization works and how various disorders and conditions can be treated in neurosurgery.   Thus, it was not surprising that in 1981 Roger Perry obtained the Nobel Prize for his experimental work on the split brain.   Perry and others have established that special tasks and functions are specific to a brain domain, either left or right.Summary of the Functions of the Split-BrainHemispheric Specialization.The left and right hemispheres of the brain have specialized functions for most people. The left hemisphere is a language centre while the right hemisphere processes spatial information. These differences are most obvious in those rare individuals whose corpus callosum was surgically severed to help control a severe form of epilepsy. Jonathan Cohen believes that humans’ minds can be described as having a mind of their own separate from mental brain function. At times they think rationally, but then they allow emotional responses to override good judgments (90). He believes that this theory can explain the contradictions so evident in daily life and our perceptions: science versus religion; facts versus intuition, and so forth.Iaccino’s Cognitive Styles Associated with Cerebral Hemispheres________________________________________Left Hemisphere   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Right HemisphereVerbal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonverbal, visuospatialSequential, temporal     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simultaneous, gestaltAnalytic     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SyntheticRational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IntuitiveWestern thought  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eastern thought________________________________________(James F. Iaccino, 1993: 30)According to James Iaccino (33), clinical studies on split brain patients do seem to demonstrate a dichotomy of hemispheric specialization just as in studies with normal subjects. He advocates that each hemisphere indeed has its own cognitive style as depicted in the table above.This table shows the different functions of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. It also displays the functions of the left and right hemisphere. The left brain is better at speaking, writing, mathematical calculations, and reading, and is the primary processing center for language. The right hemisphere, on the other hand, possesses superior capabilities for pattern recognitions: recognizing faces, solving prob lems involving spatial relationships, symbolic reasoning, and artistic activities (33).ConclusionIn summary, it is now known that the right hemisphere controls important nonverbal functions (facial discriminations and musical recognitions), yet, however, it is supported by the left hemisphere, especially in more complex visual and spatial cognitive tasks. The functional asymmetries reported for each of the hemispheres suggest that the cortical differences are mainly ones of relative (rather than absolute) specialization: namely, the left hemisphere is more language-oriented than the right, whereas the right is more visually spatial-oriented than the left. Although relatively specialized for a particular input, each hemisphere still requires the other to complement its overall functioning. Because people with split brains can not combine the information of both hemispheres, their behavior may seem pretty strange to others.The problem that has been observed among split-brain patients was that the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with each other, and if the communication was destroyed then the functions could be handled by one hemisphere better then the two combined. These split-brain experiments proved that there was dominance in each hemisphere of the brain to perform certain tasks. Even though a connected brain can perform the tasks of both sides. They also showed that the brain is capable of performing these tasks even when the corpus callosum has been severed. Although some tasks are performed better when the brain is able to communicate between the hemispheres. Such research findings are helpful to the sciences in many instances. For instance, the split-brain research helps people understand the different parts of the brain, and how they work. Also when injuries occur to the brain, psychologists and neurosurgeons can determine the possible effects on the patients and the changes they could possible undergo. Finally, psychologists will also have a be tter understanding of how the human brain works.